Gerund

gerund - n. an English noun formed from a verb by adding -ing

infinitive - n. the basic form of a verb; usually used with to except with modal verbs like should and could and certain other verbs like see and hear

preposition - n. a word or group of words that is used with a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, location, or time, or to introduce an object

Only a gerund can follow these verbs: admit / mengakui, advise / menasehati, avoid / menghindari, be used to / terbiasa, can’t help / tidak sanggup, can’t stand / tidak tahan, consider / menganggap, deny / menolak, discuss / membahas, dislike / tidak suka, end up / mengakhiri, enjoy / menikmati, feel like / ingin, finish / menyelesaikan, forget / melupakan, get used to / menjadi biasa, give up / menyerah, go on / melanjutkan, have difficulty / kesulitan, have problems / bermasalah, have trouble / kesulitan, imagine / membayangkan, it’s no use / tidak ada guna, it’s worthwhile / berguna, keep / menjaga, look forward to / menanti-nanti, mention / menyebutkan, mind / keberatan, miss / kangen, recommend / menyarankan, remember / ingat, quit / berhenti, spend time / menghabiskan waktu, stop / berhenti, suggest / mengusulkan, understand / mengerti, waste time / menyia-nyiakan waktu, work at / bekerja di

• he admited stealing your wallet
• he is used to waking up early morning
• she dislikes waiting
• My father enjoys drinking a coffee

Either a gerund or an infinitive can follow these verbs, and there is no change in meaning : begin / memulai, continue / melanjutkan, hate / membenci, intend / berniat, like / suka, love / cinta, prefer / lebih suka, start / memulai

• I begin playing game
• I begin to play game
• she hates smoking
• she hates to smoke

Either a gerund or an infinitive can follow these verbs, but the meaning may change: forget / lupa, remember / ingat, stop / berhenti

• I forget meeting her for the first time. / lupa terhadap apa yg sudah dilakukan
• I forgot to lock my room when I went out. / lupa melakukan sesuatu
• he stops talking
• he stops to go

An infinitive follows these verbs : afford / menghasilkan, agree / setuju, appear / nampak, arrange / mengatur, ask / bertanya , care / peduli, decide / memutuskan, demand / meminta, expect / berharap, fail / gagal, forget / lupa, hope / berharap, learn / mempelajari, manage / mengatur, mean / bermaksud, offer / menawarkan, plan / berencana, prepare / menyiapkan, pretend / berpura-pura, promise / berjanji, refuse / menolak, remember / ingat, seem / terlihat, stop / berhenti, volunteer / bersukarela, wait / menunggu, want / ingin, wish / berharap

• she prepares to work
• he promises to arrive earlier

A noun or pronoun and an infinitive follow these verbs : advise / menasehati, allow / membolehkan, ask / bertanya, cause / menyebabkan, challenge / menantang, command / memberi perintah, convince / meyakinkan, expect / berharap, forbid / melarang, force / memaksa, hire / mempekerjakan, instruct / memerintahkan, invite / mengajak, order / menyuruh, pay / membayar, permit / mengijinkan, program / merancang, remind / mengingatkan, teach / mengajar, tell / memberi tahu, urge / mendesak, want / ingin, warn / memperingatkan

• My father allows me to work at Jakarta
• She invited me to have a dinner

Verbs followed by a preposition and a gerund : insist on / bersikeras, succeed in / berhasil, talk about/of / berbicara

• they succeed in building a new house
• they insisted on going out when it rained hard

Adjectives followed by a preposition and a gerund :be afraid of / takut, be bad at / buruk dalam, be crazy about / gila dalam, be disappointed about / kecewa tentang, be interested in / tertarik terhadap, be proud of / bangga akan, be sick of / muak, be worried about / kawatir tentang, be sorry about / maaf untuk

• I am afraid of losing her
• He was interested in drawing last year
• She is sick of seeing him
• I am bad at singing

Nouns followed by a preposition and a gerund : advantage of / keuntungan dalam, alternative of / alternatif dalam, change of / kesempatan dalam, danger of / bahaya dalam, difficulty in / kesulitan dalam, experience in / pengalaman dalam, hope of / harapan dalam, idea of / gagasan dalam, interest in / ketertarikan terhadap, oportunity of / peluang dalam, pleasure in / kepuasan dalam, possibility of / kemungkinan dalam, reason for / alasan untuk, trouble in / masalah dalam, way of / cara untuk

• I have reason for leaving her
• He got trouble in repairing his car
• farmers have a new way of planting corns efficiently
• His team has advantage of winning this game because they have many good players.